ghc-7.0.4: The GHC API

Type

Contents

- Main data types representing Types
  - Constructing and deconstructing types
  - Common type constructors
  - Predicates on types
- Main data types representing Kinds
  - Common Kinds and SuperKinds
  - Common Kind type constructors
- Type free variables
- Type comparison
- Forcing evaluation of types
- Other views onto Types
- Type representation for the code generator
- Main type substitution data types
  - Manipulating type substitutions
  - Performing substitution on types
- Pretty-printing

Description

Main functions for manipulating types and type-related things

Synopsis

- data TyThing
  - = AnId Id
  - | ADataCon DataCon
  - | ATyCon TyCon
  - | AClass Class
- data Type
- data PredType
  - = ClassP Class [Type]
  - | IParam (IPName Name) Type
  - | EqPred Type Type
- type ThetaType = [PredType]
- mkTyVarTy :: TyVar -> Type
- mkTyVarTys :: [TyVar] -> [Type]
- getTyVar :: String -> Type -> TyVar
- getTyVar_maybe :: Type -> Maybe TyVar
- mkAppTy :: Type -> Type -> Type
- mkAppTys :: Type -> [Type] -> Type
- splitAppTy :: Type -> (Type, Type)
- splitAppTys :: Type -> (Type, [Type])
- splitAppTy_maybe :: Type -> Maybe (Type, Type)
- repSplitAppTy_maybe :: Type -> Maybe (Type, Type)
- mkFunTy :: Type -> Type -> Type
- mkFunTys :: [Type] -> Type -> Type
- splitFunTy :: Type -> (Type, Type)
- splitFunTy_maybe :: Type -> Maybe (Type, Type)
- splitFunTys :: Type -> ([Type], Type)
- splitFunTysN :: Int -> Type -> ([Type], Type)
- funResultTy :: Type -> Type
- funArgTy :: Type -> Type
- zipFunTys :: Outputable a => [a] -> Type -> ([(a, Type)], Type)
- mkTyConApp :: TyCon -> [Type] -> Type
- mkTyConTy :: TyCon -> Type
- tyConAppTyCon :: Type -> TyCon
- tyConAppArgs :: Type -> [Type]
- splitTyConApp_maybe :: Type -> Maybe (TyCon, [Type])
- splitTyConApp :: Type -> (TyCon, [Type])
- mkForAllTy :: TyVar -> Type -> Type
- mkForAllTys :: [TyVar] -> Type -> Type
- splitForAllTy_maybe :: Type -> Maybe (TyVar, Type)
- splitForAllTys :: Type -> ([TyVar], Type)
- applyTy :: Type -> Type -> Type
- applyTys :: Type -> [Type] -> Type
- applyTysD :: SDoc -> Type -> [Type] -> Type
- isForAllTy :: Type -> Bool
- dropForAlls :: Type -> Type
- newTyConInstRhs :: TyCon -> [Type] -> Type
- carefullySplitNewType_maybe :: [TyCon] -> TyCon -> [Type] -> Maybe ([TyCon], Type)
- tyFamInsts :: Type -> [(TyCon, [Type])]
- predFamInsts :: PredType -> [(TyCon, [Type])]
- mkPredTy :: PredType -> Type
- mkPredTys :: ThetaType -> [Type]
- mkFamilyTyConApp :: TyCon -> [Type] -> Type
- isEqPred :: PredType -> Bool
- coVarPred :: CoVar -> PredType
- funTyCon :: TyCon
- isTyVarTy :: Type -> Bool
- isFunTy :: Type -> Bool
- isDictTy :: Type -> Bool
- isUnLiftedType :: Type -> Bool
- isUnboxedTupleType :: Type -> Bool
- isAlgType :: Type -> Bool
- isClosedAlgType :: Type -> Bool
- isPrimitiveType :: Type -> Bool
- isStrictType :: Type -> Bool
- isStrictPred :: PredType -> Bool
- type Kind = Type
- type SimpleKind = Kind
- type KindVar = TyVar
- liftedTypeKind :: Kind
- unliftedTypeKind :: Kind
- openTypeKind :: Kind
- argTypeKind :: Kind
- ubxTupleKind :: Kind
- tySuperKind :: SuperKind
- coSuperKind :: SuperKind
- liftedTypeKindTyCon :: TyCon
- openTypeKindTyCon :: TyCon
- unliftedTypeKindTyCon :: TyCon
- argTypeKindTyCon :: TyCon
- ubxTupleKindTyCon :: TyCon
- tyVarsOfType :: Type -> TyVarSet
- tyVarsOfTypes :: [Type] -> TyVarSet
- tyVarsOfPred :: PredType -> TyVarSet
- tyVarsOfTheta :: ThetaType -> TyVarSet
- expandTypeSynonyms :: Type -> Type
- coreEqType :: Type -> Type -> Bool
- coreEqType2 :: RnEnv2 -> Type -> Type -> Bool
- tcEqType :: Type -> Type -> Bool
- tcEqTypes :: [Type] -> [Type] -> Bool
- tcCmpType :: Type -> Type -> Ordering
- tcCmpTypes :: [Type] -> [Type] -> Ordering
- tcEqPred :: PredType -> PredType -> Bool
- tcEqPredX :: RnEnv2 -> PredType -> PredType -> Bool
- tcCmpPred :: PredType -> PredType -> Ordering
- tcEqTypeX :: RnEnv2 -> Type -> Type -> Bool
- tcPartOfType :: Type -> Type -> Bool
- tcPartOfPred :: Type -> PredType -> Bool
- seqType :: Type -> ()
- seqTypes :: [Type] -> ()
- coreView :: Type -> Maybe Type
- tcView :: Type -> Maybe Type
- kindView :: Kind -> Maybe Kind
- repType :: Type -> Type
- data PrimRep
  - = VoidRep
  - | PtrRep
  - | IntRep
  - | WordRep
  - | Int64Rep
  - | Word64Rep
  - | AddrRep
  - | FloatRep
  - | DoubleRep
- typePrimRep :: Type -> PrimRep
- predTypeRep :: PredType -> Type
- type TvSubstEnv = TyVarEnv Type
- data TvSubst = TvSubst InScopeSet TvSubstEnv
- emptyTvSubstEnv :: TvSubstEnv
- emptyTvSubst :: TvSubst
- mkTvSubst :: InScopeSet -> TvSubstEnv -> TvSubst
- mkOpenTvSubst :: TvSubstEnv -> TvSubst
- zipOpenTvSubst :: [TyVar] -> [Type] -> TvSubst
- zipTopTvSubst :: [TyVar] -> [Type] -> TvSubst
- mkTopTvSubst :: [(TyVar, Type)] -> TvSubst
- notElemTvSubst :: TyVar -> TvSubst -> Bool
- getTvSubstEnv :: TvSubst -> TvSubstEnv
- setTvSubstEnv :: TvSubst -> TvSubstEnv -> TvSubst
- zapTvSubstEnv :: TvSubst -> TvSubst
- getTvInScope :: TvSubst -> InScopeSet
- extendTvInScope :: TvSubst -> Var -> TvSubst
- extendTvInScopeList :: TvSubst -> [Var] -> TvSubst
- extendTvSubst :: TvSubst -> TyVar -> Type -> TvSubst
- extendTvSubstList :: TvSubst -> [TyVar] -> [Type] -> TvSubst
- isInScope :: Var -> TvSubst -> Bool
- composeTvSubst :: InScopeSet -> TvSubstEnv -> TvSubstEnv -> TvSubstEnv
- zipTyEnv :: [TyVar] -> [Type] -> TvSubstEnv
- isEmptyTvSubst :: TvSubst -> Bool
- unionTvSubst :: TvSubst -> TvSubst -> TvSubst
- substTy :: TvSubst -> Type -> Type
- substTys :: TvSubst -> [Type] -> [Type]
- substTyWith :: [TyVar] -> [Type] -> Type -> Type
- substTysWith :: [TyVar] -> [Type] -> [Type] -> [Type]
- substTheta :: TvSubst -> ThetaType -> ThetaType
- substPred :: TvSubst -> PredType -> PredType
- substTyVar :: TvSubst -> TyVar -> Type
- substTyVars :: TvSubst -> [TyVar] -> [Type]
- substTyVarBndr :: TvSubst -> TyVar -> (TvSubst, TyVar)
- deShadowTy :: TyVarSet -> Type -> Type
- lookupTyVar :: TvSubst -> TyVar -> Maybe Type
- pprType :: Type -> SDoc
- pprParendType :: Type -> SDoc
- pprTypeApp :: NamedThing a => a -> [Type] -> SDoc
- pprTyThingCategory :: TyThing -> SDoc
- pprTyThing :: TyThing -> SDoc
- pprForAll :: [TyVar] -> SDoc
- pprPred :: PredType -> SDoc
- pprEqPred :: (Type, Type) -> SDoc
- pprTheta :: ThetaType -> SDoc
- pprThetaArrow :: ThetaType -> SDoc
- pprClassPred :: Class -> [Type] -> SDoc
- pprKind :: Kind -> SDoc
- pprParendKind :: Kind -> SDoc
- pprSourceTyCon :: TyCon -> SDoc

# Main data types representing Types

Types are one of:

Unboxed
  Iff its representation is other than a pointer Unboxed types are also unlifted.
Lifted
  Iff it has bottom as an element. Closures always have lifted types: i.e. any let-bound identifier in Core must have a lifted type. Operationally, a lifted object is one that can be entered. Only lifted types may be unified with a type variable.
Algebraic
  Iff it is a type with one or more constructors, whether declared with `data` or `newtype`. An algebraic type is one that can be deconstructed with a case expression. This is not the same as lifted types, because we also include unboxed tuples in this classification.
Data
  Iff it is a type declared with `data`, or a boxed tuple.
Primitive
  Iff it is a built-in type that can't be expressed in Haskell.

Currently, all primitive types are unlifted, but that's not necessarily the case: for example, `Int` could be primitive.

Some primitive types are unboxed, such as `Int#`, whereas some are boxed but unlifted (such as `ByteArray#`). The only primitive types that we classify as algebraic are the unboxed tuples.

Some examples of type classifications that may make this a bit clearer are:

     Type         primitive       boxed           lifted          algebraic
     -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Int#         Yes             No              No              No
     ByteArray#   Yes             Yes             No              No
     (# a, b #)   Yes             No              No              Yes
     (  a, b  )   No              Yes             Yes             Yes
     [a]          No              Yes             Yes             Yes

A source type is a type that is a separate type as far as the type checker is concerned, but which has a more low-level representation as far as Core-to-Core passes and the rest of the back end is concerned. Notably, `PredTy`s are removed from the representation type while they do exist in the source types.

You don't normally have to worry about this, as the utility functions in this module will automatically convert a source into a representation type if they are spotted, to the best of it's abilities. If you don't want this to happen, use the equivalent functions from the TcType module.

data TyThing

A typecheckable-thing, essentially anything that has a name

Constructors

AnId Id |
ADataCon DataCon |
ATyCon TyCon |
AClass Class |

Instances

Outputable TyThing |
NamedThing TyThing |

data Type

The key representation of types within the compiler

Instances

Data Type |
Typeable Type |
Outputable Type |

data PredType

A type of the form `PredTy p` represents a value whose type is the Haskell predicate `p`, where a predicate is what occurs before the `=>` in a Haskell type. It can be expanded into its representation, but:

- The type checker must treat it as opaque
- The rest of the compiler treats it as transparent

Consider these examples:

     f :: (Eq a) => a -> Int
     g :: (?x :: Int -> Int) => a -> Int
     h :: (r\l) => {r} => {l::Int | r}

Here the `Eq a` and `?x :: Int -> Int` and `rl` are all called "predicates"

Constructors

ClassP Class [Type] | Class predicate e.g. `Eq a`
IParam (IPName Name) Type | Implicit parameter e.g. `?x :: Int`
EqPred Type Type | Equality predicate e.g `ty1 ~ ty2`

Instances

Eq PredType |
Data PredType |
Ord PredType |
Typeable PredType |
Outputable PredType |

type ThetaType = [PredType]

A collection of `PredType`s

## Constructing and deconstructing types

mkTyVarTy :: TyVar -> Type

mkTyVarTys :: [TyVar] -> [Type]

getTyVar :: String -> Type -> TyVar

Attempts to obtain the type variable underlying a `Type`, and panics with the given message if this is not a type variable type. See also `getTyVar_maybe`

getTyVar_maybe :: Type -> Maybe TyVar

Attempts to obtain the type variable underlying a `Type`

mkAppTy :: Type -> Type -> Type

Applies a type to another, as in e.g. `k a`

mkAppTys :: Type -> [Type] -> Type

splitAppTy :: Type -> (Type, Type)

Attempts to take a type application apart, as in `splitAppTy_maybe`, and panics if this is not possible

splitAppTys :: Type -> (Type, [Type])

Recursively splits a type as far as is possible, leaving a residual type being applied to and the type arguments applied to it. Never fails, even if that means returning an empty list of type applications.

splitAppTy_maybe :: Type -> Maybe (Type, Type)

Attempt to take a type application apart, whether it is a function, type constructor, or plain type application. Note that type family applications are NEVER unsaturated by this!

repSplitAppTy_maybe :: Type -> Maybe (Type, Type)

Does the AppTy split as in `splitAppTy_maybe`, but assumes that any Core view stuff is already done

mkFunTy :: Type -> Type -> Type

Creates a function type from the given argument and result type

mkFunTys :: [Type] -> Type -> Type

splitFunTy :: Type -> (Type, Type)

Attempts to extract the argument and result types from a type, and panics if that is not possible. See also `splitFunTy_maybe`

splitFunTy_maybe :: Type -> Maybe (Type, Type)

Attempts to extract the argument and result types from a type

splitFunTys :: Type -> ([Type], Type)

splitFunTysN :: Int -> Type -> ([Type], Type)

Split off exactly the given number argument types, and panics if that is not possible

funResultTy :: Type -> Type

Extract the function result type and panic if that is not possible

funArgTy :: Type -> Type

Extract the function argument type and panic if that is not possible

zipFunTys :: Outputable a => [a] -> Type -> ([(a, Type)], Type)

Splits off argument types from the given type and associating them with the things in the input list from left to right. The final result type is returned, along with the resulting pairs of objects and types, albeit with the list of pairs in reverse order. Panics if there are not enough argument types for the input list.

mkTyConApp :: TyCon -> [Type] -> Type

A key function: builds a `TyConApp` or `FunTy` as apppropriate to its arguments. Applies its arguments to the constructor from left to right

mkTyConTy :: TyCon -> Type

Create the plain type constructor type which has been applied to no type arguments at all.

tyConAppTyCon :: Type -> TyCon

The same as `fst . splitTyConApp`

tyConAppArgs :: Type -> [Type]

The same as `snd . splitTyConApp`

splitTyConApp_maybe :: Type -> Maybe (TyCon, [Type])

Attempts to tease a type apart into a type constructor and the application of a number of arguments to that constructor

splitTyConApp :: Type -> (TyCon, [Type])

Attempts to tease a type apart into a type constructor and the application of a number of arguments to that constructor. Panics if that is not possible. See also `splitTyConApp_maybe`

mkForAllTy :: TyVar -> Type -> Type

mkForAllTys :: [TyVar] -> Type -> Type

Wraps foralls over the type using the provided `TyVar`s from left to right

splitForAllTy_maybe :: Type -> Maybe (TyVar, Type)

Attempts to take a forall type apart, returning the bound type variable and the remainder of the type

splitForAllTys :: Type -> ([TyVar], Type)

Attempts to take a forall type apart, returning all the immediate such bound type variables and the remainder of the type. Always suceeds, even if that means returning an empty list of `TyVar`s

applyTy :: Type -> Type -> Type

Instantiate a forall type with one or more type arguments. Used when we have a polymorphic function applied to type args:

     f t1 t2

We use `applyTys type-of-f [t1,t2]` to compute the type of the expression. Panics if no application is possible.

applyTys :: Type -> [Type] -> Type

This function is interesting because:

1. The function may have more for-alls than there are args
2. Less obviously, it may have fewer for-alls

For case 2. think of:

     applyTys (forall a.a) [forall b.b, Int]

This really can happen, via dressing up polymorphic types with newtype clothing. Here's an example:

     newtype R = R (forall a. a->a)
     foo = case undefined :: R of
                R f -> f ()

applyTysD :: SDoc -> Type -> [Type] -> Type

isForAllTy :: Type -> Bool

dropForAlls :: Type -> Type

Equivalent to `snd . splitForAllTys`

newTyConInstRhs :: TyCon -> [Type] -> Type

Unwrap one `layer` of newtype on a type constructor and its arguments, using an eta-reduced version of the `newtype` if possible

carefullySplitNewType_maybe :: [TyCon] -> TyCon -> [Type] -> Maybe ([TyCon], Type)

tyFamInsts :: Type -> [(TyCon, [Type])]

Finds type family instances occuring in a type after expanding synonyms.

predFamInsts :: PredType -> [(TyCon, [Type])]

Finds type family instances occuring in a predicate type after expanding synonyms.

mkPredTy :: PredType -> Type

mkPredTys :: ThetaType -> [Type]

mkFamilyTyConApp :: TyCon -> [Type] -> Type

Given a family instance TyCon and its arg types, return the corresponding family type. E.g:

     data family T a
     data instance T (Maybe b) = MkT b

Where the instance tycon is :RTL, so:

     mkFamilyTyConApp :RTL Int  =  T (Maybe Int)

isEqPred :: PredType -> Bool

coVarPred :: CoVar -> PredType

## Common type constructors

funTyCon :: TyCon

## Predicates on types

isTyVarTy :: Type -> Bool

isFunTy :: Type -> Bool

isDictTy :: Type -> Bool

isUnLiftedType :: Type -> Bool

See Type for what an unlifted type is

isUnboxedTupleType :: Type -> Bool

isAlgType :: Type -> Bool

See Type for what an algebraic type is. Should only be applied to types, as opposed to e.g. partially saturated type constructors

isClosedAlgType :: Type -> Bool

See Type for what an algebraic type is. Should only be applied to types, as opposed to e.g. partially saturated type constructors. Closed type constructors are those with a fixed right hand side, as opposed to e.g. associated types

isPrimitiveType :: Type -> Bool

Returns true of types that are opaque to Haskell. Most of these are unlifted, but now that we interact with .NET, we may have primtive (foreign-imported) types that are lifted

isStrictType :: Type -> Bool

Computes whether an argument (or let right hand side) should be computed strictly or lazily, based only on its type. Works just like `isUnLiftedType`, except that it has a special case for dictionaries (i.e. does not work purely on representation types)

isStrictPred :: PredType -> Bool

We may be strict in dictionary types, but only if it has more than one component.

(Being strict in a single-component dictionary risks poking the dictionary component, which is wrong.)

# Main data types representing Kinds

There's a little subtyping at the kind level:

                   ?
                  / \
                 /   \
                ??   (#)
               /  \
              *    #
     .
     Where:        *    [LiftedTypeKind]   means boxed type
                  #    [UnliftedTypeKind] means unboxed type
                  (#)  [UbxTupleKind]     means unboxed tuple
                  ??   [ArgTypeKind]      is the lub of {*, #}
                  ?    [OpenTypeKind]	means any type at all

In particular:

     error :: forall a:?. String -> a
     (->)  :: ?? -> ? -> \*
     (\\(x::t) -> ...)

Where in the last example `t :: ??` (i.e. is not an unboxed tuple)

type Kind = Type

The key type representing kinds in the compiler. Invariant: a kind is always in one of these forms:

     FunTy k1 k2
     TyConApp PrimTyCon [...]
     TyVar kv   -- (during inference only)
     ForAll ... -- (for top-level coercions)

type SimpleKind = Kind

type KindVar = TyVar

## Common Kinds and SuperKinds

liftedTypeKind :: Kind

unliftedTypeKind :: Kind

See Type for details of the distinction between these `Kind`s

openTypeKind :: Kind

argTypeKind :: Kind

ubxTupleKind :: Kind

tySuperKind :: SuperKind

coSuperKind :: SuperKind

## Common Kind type constructors

liftedTypeKindTyCon :: TyCon

openTypeKindTyCon :: TyCon

unliftedTypeKindTyCon :: TyCon

argTypeKindTyCon :: TyCon

ubxTupleKindTyCon :: TyCon

# Type free variables

tyVarsOfType :: Type -> TyVarSet

NB: for type synonyms tyVarsOfType does not expand the synonym

tyVarsOfTypes :: [Type] -> TyVarSet

tyVarsOfPred :: PredType -> TyVarSet

tyVarsOfTheta :: ThetaType -> TyVarSet

expandTypeSynonyms :: Type -> Type

Expand out all type synonyms. Actually, it'd suffice to expand out just the ones that discard type variables (e.g. type Funny a = Int) But we don't know which those are currently, so we just expand all.

# Type comparison

coreEqType :: Type -> Type -> Bool

Type equality test for Core types (i.e. ignores predicate-types, synonyms etc.)

coreEqType2 :: RnEnv2 -> Type -> Type -> Bool

tcEqType :: Type -> Type -> Bool

Type equality on source types. Does not look through `newtypes` or `PredType`s, but it does look through type synonyms.

tcEqTypes :: [Type] -> [Type] -> Bool

tcCmpType :: Type -> Type -> Ordering

Type ordering on source types. Does not look through `newtypes` or `PredType`s, but it does look through type synonyms.

tcCmpTypes :: [Type] -> [Type] -> Ordering

tcEqPred :: PredType -> PredType -> Bool

tcEqPredX :: RnEnv2 -> PredType -> PredType -> Bool

tcCmpPred :: PredType -> PredType -> Ordering

tcEqTypeX :: RnEnv2 -> Type -> Type -> Bool

tcPartOfType :: Type -> Type -> Bool

Checks whether the second argument is a subterm of the first. (We don't care about binders, as we are only interested in syntactic subterms.)

tcPartOfPred :: Type -> PredType -> Bool

# Forcing evaluation of types

seqType :: Type -> ()

seqTypes :: [Type] -> ()

# Other views onto Types

coreView :: Type -> Maybe Type

In Core, we "look through" non-recursive newtypes and `PredTypes`: this function tries to obtain a different view of the supplied type given this

Strips off the top layer only of a type to give its underlying representation type. Returns Nothing if there is nothing to look through.

In the case of `newtype`s, it returns one of:

1) A vanilla `TyConApp` (recursive newtype, or non-saturated)

2) The newtype representation (otherwise), meaning the type written in the RHS of the newtype declaration, which may itself be a newtype

For example, with:

     newtype R = MkR S
     newtype S = MkS T
     newtype T = MkT (T -> T)

`expandNewTcApp` on:

- `R` gives `Just S` * `S` gives `Just T` * `T` gives `Nothing` (no expansion)

tcView :: Type -> Maybe Type

Similar to `coreView`, but for the type checker, which just looks through synonyms

kindView :: Kind -> Maybe Kind

Similar to `coreView` or `tcView`, but works on `Kind`s

repType :: Type -> Type

Looks through:

1. For-alls 2. Synonyms 3. Predicates 4. All newtypes, including recursive ones, but not newtype families

It's useful in the back end of the compiler.

# Type representation for the code generator

data PrimRep

A `PrimRep` is an abstraction of a type. It contains information that the code generator needs in order to pass arguments, return results, and store values of this type.

Constructors

VoidRep |
PtrRep |
IntRep | Signed, word-sized value
WordRep | Unsigned, word-sized value
Int64Rep | Signed, 64 bit value (with 32-bit words only)
Word64Rep | Unsigned, 64 bit value (with 32-bit words only)
AddrRep | A pointer, but not to a Haskell value (use `PtrRep`)
FloatRep |
DoubleRep |

Instances

Eq PrimRep |
Show PrimRep |
Outputable PrimRep |

typePrimRep :: Type -> PrimRep

Discovers the primitive representation of a more abstract `Type`

predTypeRep :: PredType -> Type

Convert a `PredType` to its representation type. However, it unwraps only the outermost level; for example, the result might be a newtype application

# Main type substitution data types

type TvSubstEnv = TyVarEnv Type

A substitition of `Type`s for `TyVar`s

data TvSubst

Type substitution

The following invariants must hold of a `TvSubst`:

1. The in-scope set is needed only to guide the generation of fresh uniques
2. In particular, the kind of the type variables in the in-scope set is not relevant
3. The substition is only applied ONCE! This is because in general such application will not reached a fixed point.

Constructors

TvSubst InScopeSet TvSubstEnv |

Instances

Outputable TvSubst |

## Manipulating type substitutions

emptyTvSubstEnv :: TvSubstEnv

emptyTvSubst :: TvSubst

mkTvSubst :: InScopeSet -> TvSubstEnv -> TvSubst

mkOpenTvSubst :: TvSubstEnv -> TvSubst

Generates the in-scope set for the `TvSubst` from the types in the incoming environment, hence open

zipOpenTvSubst :: [TyVar] -> [Type] -> TvSubst

Generates the in-scope set for the `TvSubst` from the types in the incoming environment, hence open

zipTopTvSubst :: [TyVar] -> [Type] -> TvSubst

mkTopTvSubst :: [(TyVar, Type)] -> TvSubst

Called when doing top-level substitutions. Here we expect that the free vars of the range of the substitution will be empty.

notElemTvSubst :: TyVar -> TvSubst -> Bool

getTvSubstEnv :: TvSubst -> TvSubstEnv

setTvSubstEnv :: TvSubst -> TvSubstEnv -> TvSubst

zapTvSubstEnv :: TvSubst -> TvSubst

getTvInScope :: TvSubst -> InScopeSet

extendTvInScope :: TvSubst -> Var -> TvSubst

extendTvInScopeList :: TvSubst -> [Var] -> TvSubst

extendTvSubst :: TvSubst -> TyVar -> Type -> TvSubst

extendTvSubstList :: TvSubst -> [TyVar] -> [Type] -> TvSubst

isInScope :: Var -> TvSubst -> Bool

composeTvSubst :: InScopeSet -> TvSubstEnv -> TvSubstEnv -> TvSubstEnv

`(compose env1 env2)(x)` is `env1(env2(x))`; i.e. apply `env2` then `env1`. It assumes that both are idempotent. Typically, `env1` is the refinement to a base substitution `env2`

zipTyEnv :: [TyVar] -> [Type] -> TvSubstEnv

isEmptyTvSubst :: TvSubst -> Bool

unionTvSubst :: TvSubst -> TvSubst -> TvSubst

## Performing substitution on types

substTy :: TvSubst -> Type -> Type

Substitute within a `Type`

substTys :: TvSubst -> [Type] -> [Type]

Substitute within several `Type`s

substTyWith :: [TyVar] -> [Type] -> Type -> Type

Type substitution making use of an `TvSubst` that is assumed to be open, see `zipOpenTvSubst`

substTysWith :: [TyVar] -> [Type] -> [Type] -> [Type]

Type substitution making use of an `TvSubst` that is assumed to be open, see `zipOpenTvSubst`

substTheta :: TvSubst -> ThetaType -> ThetaType

Substitute within a `ThetaType`

substPred :: TvSubst -> PredType -> PredType

Substitute within a `PredType`

substTyVar :: TvSubst -> TyVar -> Type

substTyVars :: TvSubst -> [TyVar] -> [Type]

substTyVarBndr :: TvSubst -> TyVar -> (TvSubst, TyVar)

deShadowTy :: TyVarSet -> Type -> Type

Remove any nested binders mentioning the `TyVar`s in the `TyVarSet`

lookupTyVar :: TvSubst -> TyVar -> Maybe Type

# Pretty-printing

pprType :: Type -> SDoc

pprParendType :: Type -> SDoc

pprTypeApp :: NamedThing a => a -> [Type] -> SDoc

pprTyThingCategory :: TyThing -> SDoc

pprTyThing :: TyThing -> SDoc

pprForAll :: [TyVar] -> SDoc

pprPred :: PredType -> SDoc

pprEqPred :: (Type, Type) -> SDoc

pprTheta :: ThetaType -> SDoc

pprThetaArrow :: ThetaType -> SDoc

pprClassPred :: Class -> [Type] -> SDoc

pprKind :: Kind -> SDoc

pprParendKind :: Kind -> SDoc

pprSourceTyCon :: TyCon -> SDoc

Pretty prints a `TyCon`, using the family instance in case of a representation tycon. For example:

     data T [a] = ...

In that case we want to print `T [a]`, where `T` is the family `TyCon`