    // Copyright (C) 2008  Davis E. King (davis@dlib.net)
    // License: Boost Software License   See LICENSE.txt for the full license.
    #undef DLIB_KRLs_ABSTRACT_
    #ifdef DLIB_KRLs_ABSTRACT_

    #include <cmath>
    #include "../matrix/matrix_abstract.h"
    #include "../algs.h"
    #include "../serialize.h"
    #include "kernel_abstract.h"

    namespace dlib
    {

        template <
            typename kernel_type
            >
        class krls
        {
            /*!
                REQUIREMENTS ON kernel_type
                    is a kernel function object as defined in dlib/svm/kernel_abstract.h

                INITIAL VALUE
                    - dictionary_size() == 0

                WHAT THIS OBJECT REPRESENTS
                    This is an implementation of the kernel recursive least squares algorithm
                    described in the paper:
                        The Kernel Recursive Least Squares Algorithm by Yaakov Engel.

                    The long and short of this algorithm is that it is an online kernel based
                    regression algorithm.  You give it samples (x,y) and it learns the function
                    f(x) == y.  For a detailed description of the algorithm read the above paper.

                    Also note that the algorithm internally keeps a set of "dictionary vectors"
                    that are used to represent the regression function.  You can force the
                    algorithm to use no more than a set number of vectors by setting
                    the 3rd constructor argument to whatever you want.  However, note that
                    doing this causes the algorithm to bias it's results towards more
                    recent training examples.
            !*/

        public:
            typedef typename kernel_type::scalar_type scalar_type;
            typedef typename kernel_type::sample_type sample_type;
            typedef typename kernel_type::mem_manager_type mem_manager_type;

            explicit krls (
                const kernel_type& kernel_,
                scalar_type tolerance_ = 0.001,
                unsigned long max_dictionary_size_ = 1000000
            );
            /*!
                requires
                    - tolerance >= 0
                ensures
                    - this object is properly initialized
                    - #tolerance() == tolerance_
                    - #get_decision_function().kernel_function == kernel_
                      (i.e. this object will use the given kernel function)
                    - #get_kernel() == kernel_
                    - #max_dictionary_size() == max_dictionary_size_
            !*/

            scalar_type tolerance(
            ) const;
            /*!
                ensures
                    - returns the tolerance to use for the approximately linearly dependent
                      test in the KRLS algorithm.  This is a number which governs how
                      accurately this object will approximate the decision function it is
                      learning.  Smaller values generally result in a more accurate
                      estimate while also resulting in a bigger set of dictionary vectors in
                      the learned decision function.  Bigger tolerances values result in a
                      less accurate decision function but also in less dictionary vectors.
                    - The exact meaning of the tolerance parameter is the following:
                      Imagine that we have an empirical_kernel_map that contains all
                      the current dictionary vectors.  Then the tolerance is the minimum
                      projection error (as given by empirical_kernel_map::project()) required
                      to cause us to include a new vector in the dictionary.  So each time
                      you call train() the krls object basically just computes the projection
                      error for that new sample and if it is larger than the tolerance
                      then that new sample becomes part of the dictionary.
            !*/

            const kernel_type& get_kernel (
            ) const;
            /*!
                ensures
                    - returns a const reference to the kernel used by this object
            !*/

            unsigned long max_dictionary_size(
            ) const;
            /*!
                ensures
                    - returns the maximum number of dictionary vectors this object
                      will use at a time.  That is, dictionary_size() will never be
                      greater than max_dictionary_size().
            !*/

            void clear_dictionary (
            );
            /*!
                ensures
                    - clears out all learned data
                      (e.g. #get_decision_function().basis_vectors.size() == 0)
            !*/

            scalar_type operator() (
                const sample_type& x
            ) const;
            /*!
                ensures
                    - returns the current y estimate for the given x
            !*/

            void train (
                const sample_type& x,
                scalar_type y
            );
            /*!
                ensures
                    - trains this object that the given x should be mapped to the given y
                    - if (dictionary_size() == max_dictionary_size() and training
                      would add another dictionary vector to this object) then
                        - discards the oldest dictionary vector so that we can still
                          add a new one and remain below the max number of dictionary
                          vectors.
            !*/

            void swap (
                krls& item
            );
            /*!
                ensures
                    - swaps *this with item
            !*/

            unsigned long dictionary_size (
            ) const;
            /*!
                ensures
                    - returns the number of vectors in the dictionary.  That is,
                      returns a number equal to get_decision_function().basis_vectors.size()
            !*/

            decision_function<kernel_type> get_decision_function (
            ) const;
            /*!
                ensures
                    - returns a decision function F that represents the function learned
                      by this object so far.  I.e. it is the case that:
                        - for all x: F(x) == (*this)(x)
            !*/

        };

    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

        template <
            typename kernel_type
            >
        void swap(
            krls<kernel_type>& a,
            krls<kernel_type>& b
        )
        { a.swap(b); }
        /*!
            provides a global swap function
        !*/

        template <
            typename kernel_type
            >
        void serialize (
            const krls<kernel_type>& item,
            std::ostream& out
        );
        /*!
            provides serialization support for krls objects
        !*/

        template <
            typename kernel_type
            >
        void deserialize (
            krls<kernel_type>& item,
            std::istream& in
        );
        /*!
            provides serialization support for krls objects
        !*/

    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    }

    #endif // DLIB_KRLs_ABSTRACT_