java.lang

## Class Integer

- java.lang.Object
- - java.lang.Number
  - - java.lang.Integer

- All Implemented Interfaces:
    Serializable, Comparable<Integer>

      public final class Integer
      extends Number
      implements Comparable<Integer>

  The `Integer` class wraps a value of the primitive type `int` in an object. An object of type `Integer` contains a single field whose type is `int`.

  In addition, this class provides several methods for converting an `int` to a `String` and a `String` to an `int`, as well as other constants and methods useful when dealing with an `int`.

  Implementation note: The implementations of the "bit twiddling" methods (such as `highestOneBit` and `numberOfTrailingZeros`) are based on material from Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s Hacker's Delight, (Addison Wesley, 2002).

  Since:
    JDK1.0
  See Also:
    Serialized Form

- - ### Field Summary

    Fields
    Modifier and Type | Field and Description
    --- | ---
    `static int` | `MAX_VALUE` A constant holding the maximum value an `int` can have, 231-1.
    `static int` | `MIN_VALUE` A constant holding the minimum value an `int` can have, -231.
    `static int` | `SIZE` The number of bits used to represent an `int` value in two's complement binary form.
    `static Class<Integer>` | `TYPE` The `Class` instance representing the primitive type `int`.

  - ### Constructor Summary

    Constructors
    Constructor and Description
    `Integer(int value)` Constructs a newly allocated `Integer` object that represents the specified `int` value.
    `Integer(String s)` Constructs a newly allocated `Integer` object that represents the `int` value indicated by the `String` parameter.

  - ### Method Summary

    Methods
    Modifier and Type | Method and Description
    --- | ---
    `static int` | `bitCount(int i)` Returns the number of one-bits in the two's complement binary representation of the specified `int` value.
    `byte` | `byteValue()` Returns the value of this `Integer` as a `byte` after a narrowing primitive conversion.
    `static int` | `compare(int x, int y)` Compares two `int` values numerically.
    `int` | `compareTo(Integer anotherInteger)` Compares two `Integer` objects numerically.
    `static Integer` | `decode(String nm)` Decodes a `String` into an `Integer`.
    `double` | `doubleValue()` Returns the value of this `Integer` as a `double` after a widening primitive conversion.
    `boolean` | `equals(Object obj)` Compares this object to the specified object.
    `float` | `floatValue()` Returns the value of this `Integer` as a `float` after a widening primitive conversion.
    `static Integer` | `getInteger(String nm)` Determines the integer value of the system property with the specified name.
    `static Integer` | `getInteger(String nm, int val)` Determines the integer value of the system property with the specified name.
    `static Integer` | `getInteger(String nm, Integer val)` Returns the integer value of the system property with the specified name.
    `int` | `hashCode()` Returns a hash code for this `Integer`.
    `static int` | `highestOneBit(int i)` Returns an `int` value with at most a single one-bit, in the position of the highest-order ("leftmost") one-bit in the specified `int` value.
    `int` | `intValue()` Returns the value of this `Integer` as an `int`.
    `long` | `longValue()` Returns the value of this `Integer` as a `long` after a widening primitive conversion.
    `static int` | `lowestOneBit(int i)` Returns an `int` value with at most a single one-bit, in the position of the lowest-order ("rightmost") one-bit in the specified `int` value.
    `static int` | `numberOfLeadingZeros(int i)` Returns the number of zero bits preceding the highest-order ("leftmost") one-bit in the two's complement binary representation of the specified `int` value.
    `static int` | `numberOfTrailingZeros(int i)` Returns the number of zero bits following the lowest-order ("rightmost") one-bit in the two's complement binary representation of the specified `int` value.
    `static int` | `parseInt(String s)` Parses the string argument as a signed decimal integer.
    `static int` | `parseInt(String s, int radix)` Parses the string argument as a signed integer in the radix specified by the second argument.
    `static int` | `reverse(int i)` Returns the value obtained by reversing the order of the bits in the two's complement binary representation of the specified `int` value.
    `static int` | `reverseBytes(int i)` Returns the value obtained by reversing the order of the bytes in the two's complement representation of the specified `int` value.
    `static int` | `rotateLeft(int i, int distance)` Returns the value obtained by rotating the two's complement binary representation of the specified `int` value left by the specified number of bits.
    `static int` | `rotateRight(int i, int distance)` Returns the value obtained by rotating the two's complement binary representation of the specified `int` value right by the specified number of bits.
    `short` | `shortValue()` Returns the value of this `Integer` as a `short` after a narrowing primitive conversion.
    `static int` | `signum(int i)` Returns the signum function of the specified `int` value.
    `static String` | `toBinaryString(int i)` Returns a string representation of the integer argument as an unsigned integer in base 2.
    `static String` | `toHexString(int i)` Returns a string representation of the integer argument as an unsigned integer in base 16.
    `static String` | `toOctalString(int i)` Returns a string representation of the integer argument as an unsigned integer in base 8.
    `String` | `toString()` Returns a `String` object representing this `Integer`'s value.
    `static String` | `toString(int i)` Returns a `String` object representing the specified integer.
    `static String` | `toString(int i, int radix)` Returns a string representation of the first argument in the radix specified by the second argument.
    `static Integer` | `valueOf(int i)` Returns an `Integer` instance representing the specified `int` value.
    `static Integer` | `valueOf(String s)` Returns an `Integer` object holding the value of the specified `String`.
    `static Integer` | `valueOf(String s, int radix)` Returns an `Integer` object holding the value extracted from the specified `String` when parsed with the radix given by the second argument.

    - ### Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

      `clone, finalize, getClass, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait`

- - ### Field Detail

    - #### MIN_VALUE

          public static final int MIN_VALUE

      A constant holding the minimum value an `int` can have, -231.
      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### MAX_VALUE

          public static final int MAX_VALUE

      A constant holding the maximum value an `int` can have, 231-1.
      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### TYPE

          public static final Class<Integer> TYPE

      The `Class` instance representing the primitive type `int`.
      Since:
        JDK1.1

    - #### SIZE

          public static final int SIZE

      The number of bits used to represent an `int` value in two's complement binary form.
      Since:
        1.5
      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

  - ### Constructor Detail

    - #### Integer

          public Integer(int value)

      Constructs a newly allocated `Integer` object that represents the specified `int` value.
      Parameters:
        `value` - the value to be represented by the `Integer` object.

    - #### Integer

          public Integer(String s)
                  throws NumberFormatException

      Constructs a newly allocated `Integer` object that represents the `int` value indicated by the `String` parameter. The string is converted to an `int` value in exactly the manner used by the `parseInt` method for radix 10.
      Parameters:
        `s` - the `String` to be converted to an `Integer`.
      Throws:
        `NumberFormatException` - if the `String` does not contain a parsable integer.
      See Also:
        `parseInt(java.lang.String, int)`

  - ### Method Detail

    - #### toString

          public static String toString(int i,
                        int radix)

      Returns a string representation of the first argument in the radix specified by the second argument.

      If the radix is smaller than `Character.MIN_RADIX` or larger than `Character.MAX_RADIX`, then the radix `10` is used instead.

      If the first argument is negative, the first element of the result is the ASCII minus character `'-'` (`'\u002D'`). If the first argument is not negative, no sign character appears in the result.

      The remaining characters of the result represent the magnitude of the first argument. If the magnitude is zero, it is represented by a single zero character `'0'` (`'\u0030'`); otherwise, the first character of the representation of the magnitude will not be the zero character. The following ASCII characters are used as digits:

      > `0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz`

      These are `'\u0030'` through `'\u0039'` and `'\u0061'` through `'\u007A'`. If `radix` is N, then the first N of these characters are used as radix-N digits in the order shown. Thus, the digits for hexadecimal (radix 16) are `0123456789abcdef`. If uppercase letters are desired, the `String.toUpperCase()` method may be called on the result:

      > `Integer.toString(n, 16).toUpperCase()`

      Parameters:
        `i` - an integer to be converted to a string.
        `radix` - the radix to use in the string representation.
      Returns:
        a string representation of the argument in the specified radix.
      See Also:
        `Character.MAX_RADIX`, `Character.MIN_RADIX`

    - #### toHexString

          public static String toHexString(int i)

      Returns a string representation of the integer argument as an unsigned integer in base 16.

      The unsigned integer value is the argument plus 232 if the argument is negative; otherwise, it is equal to the argument. This value is converted to a string of ASCII digits in hexadecimal (base 16) with no extra leading `0`s. If the unsigned magnitude is zero, it is represented by a single zero character `'0'` (`'\u0030'`); otherwise, the first character of the representation of the unsigned magnitude will not be the zero character. The following characters are used as hexadecimal digits:

      > `0123456789abcdef`

      These are the characters `'\u0030'` through `'\u0039'` and `'\u0061'` through `'\u0066'`. If uppercase letters are desired, the `String.toUpperCase()` method may be called on the result:

      > `Integer.toHexString(n).toUpperCase()`

      Parameters:
        `i` - an integer to be converted to a string.
      Returns:
        the string representation of the unsigned integer value represented by the argument in hexadecimal (base 16).
      Since:
        JDK1.0.2

    - #### toOctalString

          public static String toOctalString(int i)

      Returns a string representation of the integer argument as an unsigned integer in base 8.

      The unsigned integer value is the argument plus 232 if the argument is negative; otherwise, it is equal to the argument. This value is converted to a string of ASCII digits in octal (base 8) with no extra leading `0`s.

      If the unsigned magnitude is zero, it is represented by a single zero character `'0'` (`'\u0030'`); otherwise, the first character of the representation of the unsigned magnitude will not be the zero character. The following characters are used as octal digits:

      > `01234567`

      These are the characters `'\u0030'` through `'\u0037'`.
      Parameters:
        `i` - an integer to be converted to a string.
      Returns:
        the string representation of the unsigned integer value represented by the argument in octal (base 8).
      Since:
        JDK1.0.2

    - #### toBinaryString

          public static String toBinaryString(int i)

      Returns a string representation of the integer argument as an unsigned integer in base 2.

      The unsigned integer value is the argument plus 232 if the argument is negative; otherwise it is equal to the argument. This value is converted to a string of ASCII digits in binary (base 2) with no extra leading `0`s. If the unsigned magnitude is zero, it is represented by a single zero character `'0'` (`'\u0030'`); otherwise, the first character of the representation of the unsigned magnitude will not be the zero character. The characters `'0'` (`'\u0030'`) and `'1'` (`'\u0031'`) are used as binary digits.

      Parameters:
        `i` - an integer to be converted to a string.
      Returns:
        the string representation of the unsigned integer value represented by the argument in binary (base 2).
      Since:
        JDK1.0.2

    - #### toString

          public static String toString(int i)

      Returns a `String` object representing the specified integer. The argument is converted to signed decimal representation and returned as a string, exactly as if the argument and radix 10 were given as arguments to the `toString(int, int)` method.
      Parameters:
        `i` - an integer to be converted.
      Returns:
        a string representation of the argument in base 10.

    - #### parseInt

          public static int parseInt(String s,
                     int radix)
                              throws NumberFormatException

      Parses the string argument as a signed integer in the radix specified by the second argument. The characters in the string must all be digits of the specified radix (as determined by whether `Character.digit(char, int)` returns a nonnegative value), except that the first character may be an ASCII minus sign `'-'` (`'\u002D'`) to indicate a negative value or an ASCII plus sign `'+'` (`'\u002B'`) to indicate a positive value. The resulting integer value is returned.

      An exception of type `NumberFormatException` is thrown if any of the following situations occurs:

      - The first argument is `null` or is a string of length zero.
      - The radix is either smaller than `Character.MIN_RADIX` or larger than `Character.MAX_RADIX`.
      - Any character of the string is not a digit of the specified radix, except that the first character may be a minus sign `'-'` (`'\u002D'`) or plus sign `'+'` (`'\u002B'`) provided that the string is longer than length 1.
      - The value represented by the string is not a value of type `int`.

      Examples:

      >      parseInt("0", 10) returns 0
      >      parseInt("473", 10) returns 473
      >      parseInt("+42", 10) returns 42
      >      parseInt("-0", 10) returns 0
      >      parseInt("-FF", 16) returns -255
      >      parseInt("1100110", 2) returns 102
      >      parseInt("2147483647", 10) returns 2147483647
      >      parseInt("-2147483648", 10) returns -2147483648
      >      parseInt("2147483648", 10) throws a NumberFormatException
      >      parseInt("99", 8) throws a NumberFormatException
      >      parseInt("Kona", 10) throws a NumberFormatException
      >      parseInt("Kona", 27) returns 411787

      Parameters:
        `s` - the `String` containing the integer representation to be parsed
        `radix` - the radix to be used while parsing `s`.
      Returns:
        the integer represented by the string argument in the specified radix.
      Throws:
        `NumberFormatException` - if the `String` does not contain a parsable `int`.

    - #### parseInt

          public static int parseInt(String s)
                              throws NumberFormatException

      Parses the string argument as a signed decimal integer. The characters in the string must all be decimal digits, except that the first character may be an ASCII minus sign `'-'` (`'\u002D'`) to indicate a negative value or an ASCII plus sign `'+'` (`'\u002B'`) to indicate a positive value. The resulting integer value is returned, exactly as if the argument and the radix 10 were given as arguments to the `parseInt(java.lang.String, int)` method.
      Parameters:
        `s` - a `String` containing the `int` representation to be parsed
      Returns:
        the integer value represented by the argument in decimal.
      Throws:
        `NumberFormatException` - if the string does not contain a parsable integer.

    - #### valueOf

          public static Integer valueOf(String s,
                        int radix)
                                 throws NumberFormatException

      Returns an `Integer` object holding the value extracted from the specified `String` when parsed with the radix given by the second argument. The first argument is interpreted as representing a signed integer in the radix specified by the second argument, exactly as if the arguments were given to the `parseInt(java.lang.String, int)` method. The result is an `Integer` object that represents the integer value specified by the string.

      In other words, this method returns an `Integer` object equal to the value of:

      > `new Integer(Integer.parseInt(s, radix))`

      Parameters:
        `s` - the string to be parsed.
        `radix` - the radix to be used in interpreting `s`
      Returns:
        an `Integer` object holding the value represented by the string argument in the specified radix.
      Throws:
        `NumberFormatException` - if the `String` does not contain a parsable `int`.

    - #### valueOf

          public static Integer valueOf(String s)
                                 throws NumberFormatException

      Returns an `Integer` object holding the value of the specified `String`. The argument is interpreted as representing a signed decimal integer, exactly as if the argument were given to the `parseInt(java.lang.String)` method. The result is an `Integer` object that represents the integer value specified by the string.

      In other words, this method returns an `Integer` object equal to the value of:

      > `new Integer(Integer.parseInt(s))`

      Parameters:
        `s` - the string to be parsed.
      Returns:
        an `Integer` object holding the value represented by the string argument.
      Throws:
        `NumberFormatException` - if the string cannot be parsed as an integer.

    - #### valueOf

          public static Integer valueOf(int i)

      Returns an `Integer` instance representing the specified `int` value. If a new `Integer` instance is not required, this method should generally be used in preference to the constructor `Integer(int)`, as this method is likely to yield significantly better space and time performance by caching frequently requested values. This method will always cache values in the range -128 to 127, inclusive, and may cache other values outside of this range.
      Parameters:
        `i` - an `int` value.
      Returns:
        an `Integer` instance representing `i`.
      Since:
        1.5

    - #### byteValue

          public byte byteValue()

      Returns the value of this `Integer` as a `byte` after a narrowing primitive conversion.
      Overrides:
        `byteValue` in class `Number`
      Returns:
        the numeric value represented by this object after conversion to type `byte`.
      See The Java™ Language Specification:
        5.1.3 Narrowing Primitive Conversions

    - #### shortValue

          public short shortValue()

      Returns the value of this `Integer` as a `short` after a narrowing primitive conversion.
      Overrides:
        `shortValue` in class `Number`
      Returns:
        the numeric value represented by this object after conversion to type `short`.
      See The Java™ Language Specification:
        5.1.3 Narrowing Primitive Conversions

    - #### intValue

          public int intValue()

      Returns the value of this `Integer` as an `int`.
      Specified by:
        `intValue` in class `Number`
      Returns:
        the numeric value represented by this object after conversion to type `int`.

    - #### longValue

          public long longValue()

      Returns the value of this `Integer` as a `long` after a widening primitive conversion.
      Specified by:
        `longValue` in class `Number`
      Returns:
        the numeric value represented by this object after conversion to type `long`.
      See The Java™ Language Specification:
        5.1.2 Widening Primitive Conversions

    - #### floatValue

          public float floatValue()

      Returns the value of this `Integer` as a `float` after a widening primitive conversion.
      Specified by:
        `floatValue` in class `Number`
      Returns:
        the numeric value represented by this object after conversion to type `float`.
      See The Java™ Language Specification:
        5.1.2 Widening Primitive Conversions

    - #### doubleValue

          public double doubleValue()

      Returns the value of this `Integer` as a `double` after a widening primitive conversion.
      Specified by:
        `doubleValue` in class `Number`
      Returns:
        the numeric value represented by this object after conversion to type `double`.
      See The Java™ Language Specification:
        5.1.2 Widening Primitive Conversions

    - #### toString

          public String toString()

      Returns a `String` object representing this `Integer`'s value. The value is converted to signed decimal representation and returned as a string, exactly as if the integer value were given as an argument to the `toString(int)` method.
      Overrides:
        `toString` in class `Object`
      Returns:
        a string representation of the value of this object in base 10.

    - #### hashCode

          public int hashCode()

      Returns a hash code for this `Integer`.
      Overrides:
        `hashCode` in class `Object`
      Returns:
        a hash code value for this object, equal to the primitive `int` value represented by this `Integer` object.
      See Also:
        `Object.equals(java.lang.Object)`, `System.identityHashCode(java.lang.Object)`

    - #### equals

          public boolean equals(Object obj)

      Compares this object to the specified object. The result is `true` if and only if the argument is not `null` and is an `Integer` object that contains the same `int` value as this object.
      Overrides:
        `equals` in class `Object`
      Parameters:
        `obj` - the object to compare with.
      Returns:
        `true` if the objects are the same; `false` otherwise.
      See Also:
        `Object.hashCode()`, `HashMap`

    - #### getInteger

          public static Integer getInteger(String nm)

      Determines the integer value of the system property with the specified name.

      The first argument is treated as the name of a system property. System properties are accessible through the `System.getProperty(java.lang.String)` method. The string value of this property is then interpreted as an integer value and an `Integer` object representing this value is returned. Details of possible numeric formats can be found with the definition of `getProperty`.

      If there is no property with the specified name, if the specified name is empty or `null`, or if the property does not have the correct numeric format, then `null` is returned.

      In other words, this method returns an `Integer` object equal to the value of:

      > `getInteger(nm, null)`

      Parameters:
        `nm` - property name.
      Returns:
        the `Integer` value of the property.
      See Also:
        `System.getProperty(java.lang.String)`, `System.getProperty(java.lang.String, java.lang.String)`

    - #### getInteger

          public static Integer getInteger(String nm,
                           int val)

      Determines the integer value of the system property with the specified name.

      The first argument is treated as the name of a system property. System properties are accessible through the `System.getProperty(java.lang.String)` method. The string value of this property is then interpreted as an integer value and an `Integer` object representing this value is returned. Details of possible numeric formats can be found with the definition of `getProperty`.

      The second argument is the default value. An `Integer` object that represents the value of the second argument is returned if there is no property of the specified name, if the property does not have the correct numeric format, or if the specified name is empty or `null`.

      In other words, this method returns an `Integer` object equal to the value of:

      > `getInteger(nm, new Integer(val))`

      but in practice it may be implemented in a manner such as:

      >      Integer result = getInteger(nm, null);
      >      return (result == null) ? new Integer(val) : result;

      to avoid the unnecessary allocation of an `Integer` object when the default value is not needed.
      Parameters:
        `nm` - property name.
        `val` - default value.
      Returns:
        the `Integer` value of the property.
      See Also:
        `System.getProperty(java.lang.String)`, `System.getProperty(java.lang.String, java.lang.String)`

    - #### getInteger

          public static Integer getInteger(String nm,
                           Integer val)

      Returns the integer value of the system property with the specified name. The first argument is treated as the name of a system property. System properties are accessible through the `System.getProperty(java.lang.String)` method. The string value of this property is then interpreted as an integer value, as per the `Integer.decode` method, and an `Integer` object representing this value is returned.
      - If the property value begins with the two ASCII characters `0x` or the ASCII character `#`, not followed by a minus sign, then the rest of it is parsed as a hexadecimal integer exactly as by the method `valueOf(java.lang.String, int)` with radix 16.
      - If the property value begins with the ASCII character `0` followed by another character, it is parsed as an octal integer exactly as by the method `valueOf(java.lang.String, int)` with radix 8.
      - Otherwise, the property value is parsed as a decimal integer exactly as by the method `valueOf(java.lang.String, int)` with radix 10.

      The second argument is the default value. The default value is returned if there is no property of the specified name, if the property does not have the correct numeric format, or if the specified name is empty or `null`.

      Parameters:
        `nm` - property name.
        `val` - default value.
      Returns:
        the `Integer` value of the property.
      See Also:
        `System.getProperty(java.lang.String)`, `System.getProperty(java.lang.String, java.lang.String)`, `decode(java.lang.String)`

    - #### decode

          public static Integer decode(String nm)
                                throws NumberFormatException

      Decodes a `String` into an `Integer`. Accepts decimal, hexadecimal, and octal numbers given by the following grammar:

      > DecodableString:
      >   Signopt DecimalNumeral
      >   Signopt `0x` HexDigits
      >   Signopt `0X` HexDigits
      >   Signopt `#` HexDigits
      >   Signopt `0` OctalDigits

      > Sign:
      >   `-`
      >   `+`

      DecimalNumeral, HexDigits, and OctalDigits are as defined in section 3.10.1 of The Java™ Language Specification, except that underscores are not accepted between digits.

      The sequence of characters following an optional sign and/or radix specifier ("`0x`", "`0X`", "`#`", or leading zero) is parsed as by the `Integer.parseInt` method with the indicated radix (10, 16, or 8). This sequence of characters must represent a positive value or a `NumberFormatException` will be thrown. The result is negated if first character of the specified `String` is the minus sign. No whitespace characters are permitted in the `String`.

      Parameters:
        `nm` - the `String` to decode.
      Returns:
        an `Integer` object holding the `int` value represented by `nm`
      Throws:
        `NumberFormatException` - if the `String` does not contain a parsable integer.
      See Also:
        `parseInt(java.lang.String, int)`

    - #### compareTo

          public int compareTo(Integer anotherInteger)

      Compares two `Integer` objects numerically.
      Specified by:
        `compareTo` in interface `Comparable<Integer>`
      Parameters:
        `anotherInteger` - the `Integer` to be compared.
      Returns:
        the value `0` if this `Integer` is equal to the argument `Integer`; a value less than `0` if this `Integer` is numerically less than the argument `Integer`; and a value greater than `0` if this `Integer` is numerically greater than the argument `Integer` (signed comparison).
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### compare

          public static int compare(int x,
                    int y)

      Compares two `int` values numerically. The value returned is identical to what would be returned by:

              Integer.valueOf(x).compareTo(Integer.valueOf(y))

      Parameters:
        `x` - the first `int` to compare
        `y` - the second `int` to compare
      Returns:
        the value `0` if `x == y`; a value less than `0` if `x < y`; and a value greater than `0` if `x > y`
      Since:
        1.7

    - #### highestOneBit

          public static int highestOneBit(int i)

      Returns an `int` value with at most a single one-bit, in the position of the highest-order ("leftmost") one-bit in the specified `int` value. Returns zero if the specified value has no one-bits in its two's complement binary representation, that is, if it is equal to zero.
      Returns:
        an `int` value with a single one-bit, in the position of the highest-order one-bit in the specified value, or zero if the specified value is itself equal to zero.
      Since:
        1.5

    - #### lowestOneBit

          public static int lowestOneBit(int i)

      Returns an `int` value with at most a single one-bit, in the position of the lowest-order ("rightmost") one-bit in the specified `int` value. Returns zero if the specified value has no one-bits in its two's complement binary representation, that is, if it is equal to zero.
      Returns:
        an `int` value with a single one-bit, in the position of the lowest-order one-bit in the specified value, or zero if the specified value is itself equal to zero.
      Since:
        1.5

    - #### numberOfLeadingZeros

          public static int numberOfLeadingZeros(int i)

      Returns the number of zero bits preceding the highest-order ("leftmost") one-bit in the two's complement binary representation of the specified `int` value. Returns 32 if the specified value has no one-bits in its two's complement representation, in other words if it is equal to zero.

      Note that this method is closely related to the logarithm base 2. For all positive `int` values x:

      - floor(log2(x)) = `31 - numberOfLeadingZeros(x)`
      - ceil(log2(x)) = `32 - numberOfLeadingZeros(x - 1)`
      Returns:
        the number of zero bits preceding the highest-order ("leftmost") one-bit in the two's complement binary representation of the specified `int` value, or 32 if the value is equal to zero.
      Since:
        1.5

    - #### numberOfTrailingZeros

          public static int numberOfTrailingZeros(int i)

      Returns the number of zero bits following the lowest-order ("rightmost") one-bit in the two's complement binary representation of the specified `int` value. Returns 32 if the specified value has no one-bits in its two's complement representation, in other words if it is equal to zero.
      Returns:
        the number of zero bits following the lowest-order ("rightmost") one-bit in the two's complement binary representation of the specified `int` value, or 32 if the value is equal to zero.
      Since:
        1.5

    - #### bitCount

          public static int bitCount(int i)

      Returns the number of one-bits in the two's complement binary representation of the specified `int` value. This function is sometimes referred to as the population count.
      Returns:
        the number of one-bits in the two's complement binary representation of the specified `int` value.
      Since:
        1.5

    - #### rotateLeft

          public static int rotateLeft(int i,
                       int distance)

      Returns the value obtained by rotating the two's complement binary representation of the specified `int` value left by the specified number of bits. (Bits shifted out of the left hand, or high-order, side reenter on the right, or low-order.)

      Note that left rotation with a negative distance is equivalent to right rotation: `rotateLeft(val, -distance) == rotateRight(val, distance)`. Note also that rotation by any multiple of 32 is a no-op, so all but the last five bits of the rotation distance can be ignored, even if the distance is negative: `rotateLeft(val, distance) == rotateLeft(val, distance & 0x1F)`.

      Returns:
        the value obtained by rotating the two's complement binary representation of the specified `int` value left by the specified number of bits.
      Since:
        1.5

    - #### rotateRight

          public static int rotateRight(int i,
                        int distance)

      Returns the value obtained by rotating the two's complement binary representation of the specified `int` value right by the specified number of bits. (Bits shifted out of the right hand, or low-order, side reenter on the left, or high-order.)

      Note that right rotation with a negative distance is equivalent to left rotation: `rotateRight(val, -distance) == rotateLeft(val, distance)`. Note also that rotation by any multiple of 32 is a no-op, so all but the last five bits of the rotation distance can be ignored, even if the distance is negative: `rotateRight(val, distance) == rotateRight(val, distance & 0x1F)`.

      Returns:
        the value obtained by rotating the two's complement binary representation of the specified `int` value right by the specified number of bits.
      Since:
        1.5

    - #### reverse

          public static int reverse(int i)

      Returns the value obtained by reversing the order of the bits in the two's complement binary representation of the specified `int` value.
      Returns:
        the value obtained by reversing order of the bits in the specified `int` value.
      Since:
        1.5

    - #### signum

          public static int signum(int i)

      Returns the signum function of the specified `int` value. (The return value is -1 if the specified value is negative; 0 if the specified value is zero; and 1 if the specified value is positive.)
      Returns:
        the signum function of the specified `int` value.
      Since:
        1.5

    - #### reverseBytes

          public static int reverseBytes(int i)

      Returns the value obtained by reversing the order of the bytes in the two's complement representation of the specified `int` value.
      Returns:
        the value obtained by reversing the bytes in the specified `int` value.
      Since:
        1.5

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