Spice project coding style and coding conventions

1. Source Files

1.1. Names

Use lower case and separate words using dashes (e.g., file-name.c, header.h).

Use standard file extension for C source and header files.

1.2. Line width

No more than 100 characters on a single line

1.3. Tabs

Tabs are not allowed, use 4 spaces instead

1.4. White spaces

Trailing white spaces are not allowed

1.5. New Line

Use Unix style line ending (i.e., LF)

New line (i.e., EOL) must be the last char in the file

2. Comparing

Use right-hand comparison style.

Examples:
use (var == 7) instead of (7 == var)
use (function(var) > 7) instead of (7 < function(var))

3. boolean type

Where possible prefer the usage of bool type to store boolean.

If not technically possible (ie libJPEG uses boolean while GLib uses gboolean) uses proper library type.

Constants should be consistent with the type used so true and false for bool type.

4. true, false and NULL

Use true, false and NULL instead of 1 and 0 in order to improve code readability.

5. Static storage initialization

To improve code readability, explicitly initialize variables that depend on default initialization with zero/null.

6. FIXME and TODO

Comments that are prefixed with FIXME describe a bug that need to be fixed. Generally, it is not allowed to commit new code having FIXME comment. Committing FIXME is allowed only for existing bugs. Comments that are prefixed with TODO describe further features, optimization or code improvements, and they are allowed to be committed along with the relevant code.

7. ASSERT

Use it freely. ASSERT helps testing function arguments and function results validity. ASSERT helps detecting bugs and improve code readability and stability.

8. sizeof

Apply function style to sizeof (i.e., use sizeof(x))

9. const

Use const keyword when applicable to improve code reliability and celerity.

10. goto

Using goto is allowed in C code for error handling. In any other case it will be used only as a special exception.

11. Defining Constant values

Use defines for constant values for improving readability and ease of changes. Alternatively, use global const variables.

12. Short functions

Try to split code to short functions, each having simple functionality, in order to improve code readability and re-usability. Prefix with inline short functions or functions that were splitted for readability reason.

13. Return on if

Try to return immediately on if in places that can reduce indentation level.

Example:

prefer

void function(int *n)
{
    if (!n) {
        return;
    }
    ...
}

void function(int *n)
{
    if (!n) {
        return;
    } else {
        ...
    }
}

14. Names

Don’t underestimate the importance of name choosing. Good names make the code more easy to understand and reduce the required level of code documentation. When choosing names, prefer long meaningful names over short vague name.
Variable and Function names - use lower case and separate words using underscore (e.g., sample_variable_name)
Structures, class and enum names - one or more words, each word start with upper case (e.g., Name, SampleStructName)
Defines and enum items names - uppercase words separated using underscores (e.g., NAME, SAMPLE_DEFINE_NAME)

14.1. Type prefix

In the code there are some common prefixes for types, Red and Spice. As a basic rule Spice refers to types in the public external headers while Red is used for internal types.

14.2. Common abbreviations

ccc CursorChannelClient

dc DisplayChannel

dcc DisplayChannelClient

dpi drawable pipe item

rcc RedChannelClient

sif spice interface

sin spice instance

15. Optimization

Keep optimization to fast path code. Prefer safe, clear and easy to maintain coding for code that is not on the fast path.

16. Spacing

Use spacing for improving code readability.

for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
    some_func(var, i * i + *ptr, &var, sizeof(var));
}

17. Indentation

17.1. Function Indentation

No spaces between function name to left bracket.
Curly bracket start on new line.

Functions must be padded with empty lines on both sides

void function(type1 arg1, type2 arg2, type2 arg3)
{
  ...
}

In case of a new line in arguments list, align it to the first argument type.

void function(type1 arg1,
              type2 arg2,
              type3 arg3)

void function(type1 arg1, type2 arg2,
              type3 arg3)

New line is acceptable in arguments list and before function name, like

void
function(type1 arg1, type2 arg2,
         type3 arg3)

17.2. Branching indentation

Add space after a branch keyword and after the right bracket.
Curly bracket starts on the same line the branch starts.

Place curly brackets after all control flow constructs even where optional. This convention reduces branching bugs that are difficult to detect. It also makes it easier to add logging messages during debugging since it eliminates the need to add the brackets.

if (condition) {
    ...
} else if (condition) {
    ...
} else {
    ...
}

In case of long condition statement, prefer having additional temporary variable over multiple line condition statement.

In case of new line in condition statement.

if (long_name && very_long_name && very_long ||
                                               var_name) {

or indent under the round bracket using spaces

if (long_name && very_long_name && long_name ||
    var_name) {

Break function arguments list in long condition statement according to Function Indentation section.

while (condition) {
        ...
}

do {
    ...
} while (condition);

for (i = x; i < y; i++) {
    ...
}


switch (x) {
case A: {
    ...
    break;
}
case B:
    ...
    ...
    break;
default:
    ...
}

17.3. Types indentation

struct StructName {
    type1 name1;
    type2 name2;

    ...
};

enum {
    A,
    B,
    C = 10,
    D,
};

union {
    type1 name1;
    type2 name2;
    ...
} u;

17.4. Vertical indentation

Use one space no tabs and no vertical alignment.

long var_name_1 = 7;
int var_name_2 = 1111l;
unsigned long long_var_name_1 = 666;
char long_var_name_1 = 'a';

void f1(int a, char ch);
unsigned long f2(int a, char ch);

17.5. Multi line macro indentation

#define MACRO_NAME(a, b, c) {        \
    int ab = a + c;             \
    int ac = a + b;             \
    int bc = b + c;             \
    f(ab, ac, bc);              \
}

17.6. Multi line array indentation

char *array[] = {
    "item_1",
    "item_2",
    "item_3",
};

18. Header inclusion

Headers should be included in this order

#include <system_headers.h>
#include <no_spice_no_system_libraries.h>
#include <spice_protocol.h>
#include <spice_common.h>

#include "spice_server.h"

(note the empty line between no spice-server and spice-server headers)

Also in source (no header) files you must include config.h at the beginning so should start (beside comments and copyright) with

#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include <config.h>
#endif

#include <system_headers.h>
#include <no_spice_no_system_libraries.h>
#include <spice_protocol.h>
#include <spice_common.h>

#include "spice_server.h"