BISON(1)

NAME
bison - GNU Project parser generator (yacc replacement)

SYNOPSIS
bison [OPTION]... FILE

DESCRIPTION
Bison is a parser generator in the style of yacc(1). It should be upwardly compatible with input files designed for yacc.

Input files should follow the yacc convention of ending in .y. Unlike yacc, the generated files do not have fixed names, but instead use the prefix of the input file. Moreover, if you need to put C++ code in the input file, you can end his name by a C++-like extension (.ypp or .y++), then bison will follow your extension to name the output file (.cpp or .c++). For instance, a grammar description file named parse.yxx would produce the generated parser in a file named parse.tab.cxx, instead of yacc's y.tab.c or old Bison version's parse.tab.c.

This description of the options that can be given to bison is adapted from the node Invocation in the bison.texi manual, which should be taken as authoritative.

Bison supports both traditional single-letter options and mnemonic long option names. Long option names are indicated with -- instead of -. Abbreviations for option names are allowed as long as they are unique. When a long option takes an argument, like --file-prefix, connect the option name and the argument with =.

Generate a deterministic LR or generalized LR (GLR) parser employing LALR(1), IELR(1), or canonical LR(1) parser tables.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. The same is true for optional arguments.

  Operation Modes:

-h, --help
    display this help and exit

-V, --version
    output version information and exit

--print-localedir
    output directory containing locale-dependent data and exit

--print-datadir
    output directory containing skeletons and XSLT and exit

-u, --update
    apply fixes to the source grammar file and exit

-f, --feature[=FEATURES]
    activate miscellaneous features

  FEATURES is a list of comma separated words that can include:

caret, diagnostics-show-caret
    show errors with carets

fixit, diagnostics-parseable-fixits
    show machine-readable fixes

syntax-only
    do not generate any file

all all of the above

none
    disable all of the above

  Diagnostics:

-W, --warnings[=CATEGORY]
    report the warnings falling in CATEGORY

--color[=WHEN]
    whether to colorize the diagnostics

--style=FILE
    specify the CSS FILE for colorizer diagnostics

  Warning categories include:

conflicts-sr
    S/R conflicts (enabled by default)

conflicts-rr
    R/R conflicts (enabled by default)

counterexamples, cex
    generate conflict counterexamples

dangling-alias
    string aliases not attached to a symbol

deprecated
    obsolete constructs

empty-rule
    empty rules without %empty

midrule-values
    unset or unused midrule values

precedence
    useless precedence and associativity

yacc
    incompatibilities with POSIX Yacc

other
    all other warnings (enabled by default)

all all the warnings except 'counterexamples', 'dangling-alias' and 'yacc'

no-CATEGORY
    turn off warnings in CATEGORY

none
    turn off all the warnings

error[=CATEGORY]
    treat warnings as errors

  WHEN can be one of the following:

always, yes
    colorize the output

never, no
    don't colorize the output

auto, tty
    colorize if the output device is a tty

  Tuning the Parser:

-L, --language=LANGUAGE
    specify the output programming language

-S, --skeleton=FILE
    specify the skeleton to use

-t, --debug
    instrument the parser for tracing same as '-Dparse.trace'

--locations
    enable location support

-D, --define=NAME[=VALUE]
    similar to '%define NAME VALUE'

-F, --force-define=NAME[=VALUE]
    override '%define NAME VALUE'

-p, --name-prefix=PREFIX
    prepend PREFIX to the external symbols deprecated by '-Dapi.prefix={PREFIX}'

-l, --no-lines
    don't generate '#line' directives

-k, --token-table
    include a table of token names

-y, --yacc
    emulate POSIX Yacc

  Output Files:

--defines[=FILE]
    also produce a header file

-d  likewise but cannot specify FILE (for POSIX Yacc)

-r, --report=THINGS
    also produce details on the automaton

--report-file=FILE
    write report to FILE

-v, --verbose
    same as '--report=state'

-b, --file-prefix=PREFIX
    specify a PREFIX for output files

-o, --output=FILE
    leave output to FILE

-g, --graph[=FILE]
    also output a graph of the automaton

-x, --xml[=FILE]
    also output an XML report of the automaton

-M, --file-prefix-map=OLD=NEW replace prefix OLD with NEW when writing file paths
    in output files

  THINGS is a list of comma separated words that can include:

states
    describe the states

itemsets
    complete the core item sets with their closure

lookaheads
    explicitly associate lookahead tokens to items

solved
    describe shift/reduce conflicts solving

counterexamples, cex
    generate conflict counterexamples

all include all the above information

none
    disable the report

AUTHOR
Written by Robert Corbett and Richard Stallman.

REPORTING BUGS
Report bugs to <bug-bison@gnu.org>.
GNU Bison home page: <https://www.gnu.org/software/bison/>.
General help using GNU software: <https://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>.
For complete documentation, run: info bison.

COPYRIGHT
Copyright © 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

SEE ALSO
lex(1), flex(1), yacc(1).

The full documentation for bison is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and bison programs are properly installed at your site, the command

    info bison

should give you access to the complete manual.