java.util

## Class Locale

- java.lang.Object
- - java.util.Locale

- All Implemented Interfaces:
    Serializable, Cloneable

      public final class Locale
      extends Object
      implements Cloneable, Serializable

  A `Locale` object represents a specific geographical, political, or cultural region. An operation that requires a `Locale` to perform its task is called locale-sensitive and uses the `Locale` to tailor information for the user. For example, displaying a number is a locale-sensitive operation--the number should be formatted according to the customs/conventions of the user's native country, region, or culture.

  Create a `Locale` object using the constructors in this class:

  >      Locale(String language)
  >      Locale(String language, String country)
  >      Locale(String language, String country, String variant)

  The language argument is a valid ISO Language Code. These codes are the lower-case, two-letter codes as defined by ISO-639. You can find a full list of these codes at a number of sites, such as:
  `http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/English_list.php`

  The country argument is a valid ISO Country Code. These codes are the upper-case, two-letter codes as defined by ISO-3166. You can find a full list of these codes at a number of sites, such as:
  `http://www.iso.ch/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/02iso-3166-code-lists/list-en1.html`

  The variant argument is a vendor or browser-specific code. For example, use WIN for Windows, MAC for Macintosh, and POSIX for POSIX. Where there are two variants, separate them with an underscore, and put the most important one first. For example, a Traditional Spanish collation might construct a locale with parameters for language, country and variant as: "es", "ES", "Traditional_WIN".

  Because a `Locale` object is just an identifier for a region, no validity check is performed when you construct a `Locale`. If you want to see whether particular resources are available for the `Locale` you construct, you must query those resources. For example, ask the `NumberFormat` for the locales it supports using its `getAvailableLocales` method.
  Note: When you ask for a resource for a particular locale, you get back the best available match, not necessarily precisely what you asked for. For more information, look at `ResourceBundle`.

  The `Locale` class provides a number of convenient constants that you can use to create `Locale` objects for commonly used locales. For example, the following creates a `Locale` object for the United States:

  >      Locale.US

  Once you've created a `Locale` you can query it for information about itself. Use `getCountry` to get the ISO Country Code and `getLanguage` to get the ISO Language Code. You can use `getDisplayCountry` to get the name of the country suitable for displaying to the user. Similarly, you can use `getDisplayLanguage` to get the name of the language suitable for displaying to the user. Interestingly, the `getDisplayXXX` methods are themselves locale-sensitive and have two versions: one that uses the default locale and one that uses the locale specified as an argument.

  The Java Platform provides a number of classes that perform locale-sensitive operations. For example, the `NumberFormat` class formats numbers, currency, or percentages in a locale-sensitive manner. Classes such as `NumberFormat` have a number of convenience methods for creating a default object of that type. For example, the `NumberFormat` class provides these three convenience methods for creating a default `NumberFormat` object:

  >      NumberFormat.getInstance()
  >      NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance()
  >      NumberFormat.getPercentInstance()

  These methods have two variants; one with an explicit locale and one without; the latter using the default locale.

  >      NumberFormat.getInstance(myLocale)
  >      NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance(myLocale)
  >      NumberFormat.getPercentInstance(myLocale)

  A `Locale` is the mechanism for identifying the kind of object (`NumberFormat`) that you would like to get. The locale is just a mechanism for identifying objects, not a container for the objects themselves.
  Since:
    1.1
  See Also:
    `ResourceBundle`, `Format`, `NumberFormat`, `Collator`, Serialized Form

- - ### Field Summary

    Fields
    Modifier and Type | Field and Description
    --- | ---
    `static Locale` | `CANADA` Useful constant for country.
    `static Locale` | `CANADA_FRENCH` Useful constant for country.
    `static Locale` | `CHINA` Useful constant for country.
    `static Locale` | `CHINESE` Useful constant for language.
    `static Locale` | `ENGLISH` Useful constant for language.
    `static Locale` | `FRANCE` Useful constant for country.
    `static Locale` | `FRENCH` Useful constant for language.
    `static Locale` | `GERMAN` Useful constant for language.
    `static Locale` | `GERMANY` Useful constant for country.
    `static Locale` | `ITALIAN` Useful constant for language.
    `static Locale` | `ITALY` Useful constant for country.
    `static Locale` | `JAPAN` Useful constant for country.
    `static Locale` | `JAPANESE` Useful constant for language.
    `static Locale` | `KOREA` Useful constant for country.
    `static Locale` | `KOREAN` Useful constant for language.
    `static Locale` | `PRC` Useful constant for country.
    `static Locale` | `ROOT` Useful constant for the root locale.
    `static Locale` | `SIMPLIFIED_CHINESE` Useful constant for language.
    `static Locale` | `TAIWAN` Useful constant for country.
    `static Locale` | `TRADITIONAL_CHINESE` Useful constant for language.
    `static Locale` | `UK` Useful constant for country.
    `static Locale` | `US` Useful constant for country.

  - ### Constructor Summary

    Constructors
    Constructor and Description
    `Locale(String language)` Construct a locale from a language code.
    `Locale(String language, String country)` Construct a locale from language, country.
    `Locale(String language, String country, String variant)` Construct a locale from language, country, variant.

  - ### Method Summary

    Methods
    Modifier and Type | Method and Description
    --- | ---
    `Object` | `clone()` Overrides Cloneable
    `boolean` | `equals(Object obj)` Returns true if this Locale is equal to another object.
    `static Locale[]` | `getAvailableLocales()` Returns an array of all installed locales.
    `String` | `getCountry()` Returns the country/region code for this locale, which will either be the empty string or an uppercase ISO 3166 2-letter code.
    `static Locale` | `getDefault()` Gets the current value of the default locale for this instance of the Java Virtual Machine.
    `String` | `getDisplayCountry()` Returns a name for the locale's country that is appropriate for display to the user.
    `String` | `getDisplayCountry(Locale inLocale)` Returns a name for the locale's country that is appropriate for display to the user.
    `String` | `getDisplayLanguage()` Returns a name for the locale's language that is appropriate for display to the user.
    `String` | `getDisplayLanguage(Locale inLocale)` Returns a name for the locale's language that is appropriate for display to the user.
    `String` | `getDisplayName()` Returns a name for the locale that is appropriate for display to the user.
    `String` | `getDisplayName(Locale inLocale)` Returns a name for the locale that is appropriate for display to the user.
    `String` | `getDisplayVariant()` Returns a name for the locale's variant code that is appropriate for display to the user.
    `String` | `getDisplayVariant(Locale inLocale)` Returns a name for the locale's variant code that is appropriate for display to the user.
    `String` | `getISO3Country()` Returns a three-letter abbreviation for this locale's country.
    `String` | `getISO3Language()` Returns a three-letter abbreviation for this locale's language.
    `static String[]` | `getISOCountries()` Returns a list of all 2-letter country codes defined in ISO 3166.
    `static String[]` | `getISOLanguages()` Returns a list of all 2-letter language codes defined in ISO 639.
    `String` | `getLanguage()` Returns the language code for this locale, which will either be the empty string or a lowercase ISO 639 code.
    `String` | `getVariant()` Returns the variant code for this locale.
    `int` | `hashCode()` Override hashCode.
    `static void` | `setDefault(Locale newLocale)` Sets the default locale for this instance of the Java Virtual Machine.
    `String` | `toString()` Getter for the programmatic name of the entire locale, with the language, country and variant separated by underbars.

    - ### Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

      `finalize, getClass, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait`

- - ### Field Detail

    - #### ENGLISH

          public static final Locale ENGLISH

      Useful constant for language.

    - #### FRENCH

          public static final Locale FRENCH

      Useful constant for language.

    - #### GERMAN

          public static final Locale GERMAN

      Useful constant for language.

    - #### ITALIAN

          public static final Locale ITALIAN

      Useful constant for language.

    - #### JAPANESE

          public static final Locale JAPANESE

      Useful constant for language.

    - #### KOREAN

          public static final Locale KOREAN

      Useful constant for language.

    - #### CHINESE

          public static final Locale CHINESE

      Useful constant for language.

    - #### SIMPLIFIED_CHINESE

          public static final Locale SIMPLIFIED_CHINESE

      Useful constant for language.

    - #### TRADITIONAL_CHINESE

          public static final Locale TRADITIONAL_CHINESE

      Useful constant for language.

    - #### FRANCE

          public static final Locale FRANCE

      Useful constant for country.

    - #### GERMANY

          public static final Locale GERMANY

      Useful constant for country.

    - #### ITALY

          public static final Locale ITALY

      Useful constant for country.

    - #### JAPAN

          public static final Locale JAPAN

      Useful constant for country.

    - #### KOREA

          public static final Locale KOREA

      Useful constant for country.

    - #### CHINA

          public static final Locale CHINA

      Useful constant for country.

    - #### PRC

          public static final Locale PRC

      Useful constant for country.

    - #### TAIWAN

          public static final Locale TAIWAN

      Useful constant for country.

    - #### UK

          public static final Locale UK

      Useful constant for country.

    - #### US

          public static final Locale US

      Useful constant for country.

    - #### CANADA

          public static final Locale CANADA

      Useful constant for country.

    - #### CANADA_FRENCH

          public static final Locale CANADA_FRENCH

      Useful constant for country.

    - #### ROOT

          public static final Locale ROOT

      Useful constant for the root locale. The root locale is the locale whose language, country, and variant are empty ("") strings. This is regarded as the base locale of all locales, and is used as the language/country neutral locale for the locale sensitive operations.
      Since:
        1.6

  - ### Constructor Detail

    - #### Locale

          public Locale(String language,
                String country,
                String variant)

      Construct a locale from language, country, variant. NOTE: ISO 639 is not a stable standard; some of the language codes it defines (specifically iw, ji, and in) have changed. This constructor accepts both the old codes (iw, ji, and in) and the new codes (he, yi, and id), but all other API on Locale will return only the OLD codes.
      Parameters:
        `language` - lowercase two-letter ISO-639 code.
        `country` - uppercase two-letter ISO-3166 code.
        `variant` - vendor and browser specific code. See class description.
      Throws:
        `NullPointerException` - thrown if any argument is null.

    - #### Locale

          public Locale(String language,
                String country)

      Construct a locale from language, country. NOTE: ISO 639 is not a stable standard; some of the language codes it defines (specifically iw, ji, and in) have changed. This constructor accepts both the old codes (iw, ji, and in) and the new codes (he, yi, and id), but all other API on Locale will return only the OLD codes.
      Parameters:
        `language` - lowercase two-letter ISO-639 code.
        `country` - uppercase two-letter ISO-3166 code.
      Throws:
        `NullPointerException` - thrown if either argument is null.

    - #### Locale

          public Locale(String language)

      Construct a locale from a language code. NOTE: ISO 639 is not a stable standard; some of the language codes it defines (specifically iw, ji, and in) have changed. This constructor accepts both the old codes (iw, ji, and in) and the new codes (he, yi, and id), but all other API on Locale will return only the OLD codes.
      Parameters:
        `language` - lowercase two-letter ISO-639 code.
      Throws:
        `NullPointerException` - thrown if argument is null.
      Since:
        1.4

  - ### Method Detail

    - #### getDefault

          public static Locale getDefault()

      Gets the current value of the default locale for this instance of the Java Virtual Machine.

      The Java Virtual Machine sets the default locale during startup based on the host environment. It is used by many locale-sensitive methods if no locale is explicitly specified. It can be changed using the `setDefault` method.

      Returns:
        the default locale for this instance of the Java Virtual Machine

    - #### setDefault

          public static void setDefault(Locale newLocale)

      Sets the default locale for this instance of the Java Virtual Machine. This does not affect the host locale.

      If there is a security manager, its `checkPermission` method is called with a `PropertyPermission("user.language", "write")` permission before the default locale is changed.

      The Java Virtual Machine sets the default locale during startup based on the host environment. It is used by many locale-sensitive methods if no locale is explicitly specified.

      Since changing the default locale may affect many different areas of functionality, this method should only be used if the caller is prepared to reinitialize locale-sensitive code running within the same Java Virtual Machine.

      Parameters:
        `newLocale` - the new default locale
      Throws:
        `SecurityException` - if a security manager exists and its `checkPermission` method doesn't allow the operation.
        `NullPointerException` - if `newLocale` is null
      See Also:
        `SecurityManager.checkPermission(java.security.Permission)`, `PropertyPermission`

    - #### getAvailableLocales

          public static Locale[] getAvailableLocales()

      Returns an array of all installed locales. The returned array represents the union of locales supported by the Java runtime environment and by installed `LocaleServiceProvider` implementations. It must contain at least a `Locale` instance equal to `Locale.US`.
      Returns:
        An array of installed locales.

    - #### getISOCountries

          public static String[] getISOCountries()

      Returns a list of all 2-letter country codes defined in ISO 3166. Can be used to create Locales.

    - #### getISOLanguages

          public static String[] getISOLanguages()

      Returns a list of all 2-letter language codes defined in ISO 639. Can be used to create Locales. [NOTE: ISO 639 is not a stable standard-- some languages' codes have changed. The list this function returns includes both the new and the old codes for the languages whose codes have changed.]

    - #### getLanguage

          public String getLanguage()

      Returns the language code for this locale, which will either be the empty string or a lowercase ISO 639 code.

      NOTE: ISO 639 is not a stable standard-- some languages' codes have changed. Locale's constructor recognizes both the new and the old codes for the languages whose codes have changed, but this function always returns the old code. If you want to check for a specific language whose code has changed, don't do

           if (locale.getLanguage().equals("he"))
              ...

      Instead, do

           if (locale.getLanguage().equals(new Locale("he", "", "").getLanguage()))
              ...

      See Also:
        `getDisplayLanguage()`

    - #### getCountry

          public String getCountry()

      Returns the country/region code for this locale, which will either be the empty string or an uppercase ISO 3166 2-letter code.
      See Also:
        `getDisplayCountry()`

    - #### getVariant

          public String getVariant()

      Returns the variant code for this locale.
      See Also:
        `getDisplayVariant()`

    - #### toString

          public final String toString()

      Getter for the programmatic name of the entire locale, with the language, country and variant separated by underbars. Language is always lower case, and country is always upper case. If the language is missing, the string will begin with an underbar. If both the language and country fields are missing, this function will return the empty string, even if the variant field is filled in (you can't have a locale with just a variant-- the variant must accompany a valid language or country code). Examples: "en", "de_DE", "_GB", "en_US_WIN", "de__POSIX", "fr__MAC"
      Overrides:
        `toString` in class `Object`
      Returns:
        a string representation of the object.
      See Also:
        `getDisplayName()`

    - #### getISO3Language

          public String getISO3Language()
                                 throws MissingResourceException

      Returns a three-letter abbreviation for this locale's language. If the locale doesn't specify a language, this will be the empty string. Otherwise, this will be a lowercase ISO 639-2/T language code. The ISO 639-2 language codes can be found on-line at `http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/englangn.html`.
      Throws:
        `MissingResourceException` - Throws MissingResourceException if the three-letter language abbreviation is not available for this locale.

    - #### getISO3Country

          public String getISO3Country()
                                throws MissingResourceException

      Returns a three-letter abbreviation for this locale's country. If the locale doesn't specify a country, this will be the empty string. Otherwise, this will be an uppercase ISO 3166 3-letter country code. The ISO 3166-2 country codes can be found on-line at `http://www.davros.org/misc/iso3166.txt`.
      Throws:
        `MissingResourceException` - Throws MissingResourceException if the three-letter country abbreviation is not available for this locale.

    - #### getDisplayLanguage

          public final String getDisplayLanguage()

      Returns a name for the locale's language that is appropriate for display to the user. If possible, the name returned will be localized for the default locale. For example, if the locale is fr_FR and the default locale is en_US, getDisplayLanguage() will return "French"; if the locale is en_US and the default locale is fr_FR, getDisplayLanguage() will return "anglais". If the name returned cannot be localized for the default locale, (say, we don't have a Japanese name for Croatian), this function falls back on the English name, and uses the ISO code as a last-resort value. If the locale doesn't specify a language, this function returns the empty string.

    - #### getDisplayLanguage

          public String getDisplayLanguage(Locale inLocale)

      Returns a name for the locale's language that is appropriate for display to the user. If possible, the name returned will be localized according to inLocale. For example, if the locale is fr_FR and inLocale is en_US, getDisplayLanguage() will return "French"; if the locale is en_US and inLocale is fr_FR, getDisplayLanguage() will return "anglais". If the name returned cannot be localized according to inLocale, (say, we don't have a Japanese name for Croatian), this function falls back on the English name, and finally on the ISO code as a last-resort value. If the locale doesn't specify a language, this function returns the empty string.
      Throws:
        `NullPointerException` - if `inLocale` is `null`

    - #### getDisplayCountry

          public final String getDisplayCountry()

      Returns a name for the locale's country that is appropriate for display to the user. If possible, the name returned will be localized for the default locale. For example, if the locale is fr_FR and the default locale is en_US, getDisplayCountry() will return "France"; if the locale is en_US and the default locale is fr_FR, getDisplayCountry() will return "Etats-Unis". If the name returned cannot be localized for the default locale, (say, we don't have a Japanese name for Croatia), this function falls back on the English name, and uses the ISO code as a last-resort value. If the locale doesn't specify a country, this function returns the empty string.

    - #### getDisplayCountry

          public String getDisplayCountry(Locale inLocale)

      Returns a name for the locale's country that is appropriate for display to the user. If possible, the name returned will be localized according to inLocale. For example, if the locale is fr_FR and inLocale is en_US, getDisplayCountry() will return "France"; if the locale is en_US and inLocale is fr_FR, getDisplayCountry() will return "Etats-Unis". If the name returned cannot be localized according to inLocale. (say, we don't have a Japanese name for Croatia), this function falls back on the English name, and finally on the ISO code as a last-resort value. If the locale doesn't specify a country, this function returns the empty string.
      Throws:
        `NullPointerException` - if `inLocale` is `null`

    - #### getDisplayVariant

          public final String getDisplayVariant()

      Returns a name for the locale's variant code that is appropriate for display to the user. If possible, the name will be localized for the default locale. If the locale doesn't specify a variant code, this function returns the empty string.

    - #### getDisplayVariant

          public String getDisplayVariant(Locale inLocale)

      Returns a name for the locale's variant code that is appropriate for display to the user. If possible, the name will be localized for inLocale. If the locale doesn't specify a variant code, this function returns the empty string.
      Throws:
        `NullPointerException` - if `inLocale` is `null`

    - #### getDisplayName

          public final String getDisplayName()

      Returns a name for the locale that is appropriate for display to the user. This will be the values returned by getDisplayLanguage(), getDisplayCountry(), and getDisplayVariant() assembled into a single string. The display name will have one of the following forms:

      > language (country, variant)

      > language (country)

      > language (variant)

      > country (variant)

      > language

      > country

      > variant

      depending on which fields are specified in the locale. If the language, country, and variant fields are all empty, this function returns the empty string.

    - #### getDisplayName

          public String getDisplayName(Locale inLocale)

      Returns a name for the locale that is appropriate for display to the user. This will be the values returned by getDisplayLanguage(), getDisplayCountry(), and getDisplayVariant() assembled into a single string. The display name will have one of the following forms:

      > language (country, variant)

      > language (country)

      > language (variant)

      > country (variant)

      > language

      > country

      > variant

      depending on which fields are specified in the locale. If the language, country, and variant fields are all empty, this function returns the empty string.
      Throws:
        `NullPointerException` - if `inLocale` is `null`

    - #### clone

          public Object clone()

      Overrides Cloneable
      Overrides:
        `clone` in class `Object`
      Returns:
        a clone of this instance.
      See Also:
        `Cloneable`

    - #### hashCode

          public int hashCode()

      Override hashCode. Since Locales are often used in hashtables, caches the value for speed.
      Overrides:
        `hashCode` in class `Object`
      Returns:
        a hash code value for this object.
      See Also:
        `Object.equals(java.lang.Object)`, `Hashtable`

    - #### equals

          public boolean equals(Object obj)

      Returns true if this Locale is equal to another object. A Locale is deemed equal to another Locale with identical language, country, and variant, and unequal to all other objects.
      Overrides:
        `equals` in class `Object`
      Parameters:
        `obj` - the reference object with which to compare.
      Returns:
        true if this Locale is equal to the specified object.
      See Also:
        `Object.hashCode()`, `Hashtable`

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