PCI(4)

NAME
pci - generic PCI driver

SYNOPSIS
device pci

DESCRIPTION
The pci driver provides a way for userland programs to read and write PCI configuration registers. It also provides a way for userland programs to get a list of all PCI devices, or all PCI devices that match various patterns.

Since the pci driver provides a write interface for PCI configuration registers, system administrators should exercise caution when granting access to the pci device. If used improperly, this driver can allow userland applications to crash a machine or cause data loss.

The pci driver implements the PCI bus in the kernel. It enumerates any devices on the PCI bus and gives PCI client drivers the chance to attach to them. It assigns resources to children, when the BIOS does not. It takes care of routing interrupts when necessary. It reprobes the unattached PCI children when PCI client drivers are dynamically loaded at runtime.

KERNEL CONFIGURATION
The pci device is included in the kernel as described in the SYNOPSIS section. The pci driver cannot be built as a kld(4).

IOCTLS
The following ioctl(2) calls are supported by the pci driver. They are defined in the header file <sys/pciio.h>.

PCIOCGETCONF
    This ioctl(2) takes a pci_conf_io structure. It allows the user to retrieve information on all PCI devices in the system, or on PCI devices matching patterns supplied by the user. The call may set errno to any value specified in either copyin(9) or copyout(9). The pci_conf_io structure consists of a number of fields:

    pat_buf_len
        The length, in bytes, of the buffer filled with user-supplied patterns.

    num_patterns
        The number of user-supplied patterns.

    patterns
        Pointer to a buffer filled with user-supplied patterns. patterns is a pointer to num_patterns pci_match_conf structures. The pci_match_conf structure consists of the following elements:

        pc_sel
            PCI domain, bus, slot and function.

        pd_name
            PCI device driver name.

        pd_unit
            PCI device driver unit number.

        pc_vendor
            PCI vendor ID.

        pc_device
            PCI device ID.

        pc_class
            PCI device class.

        flags
            The flags describe which of the fields the kernel should match against. A device must match all specified fields in order to be returned. The match flags are enumerated in the pci_getconf_flags structure. Hopefully the flag values are obvious enough that they do not need to described in detail.

    match_buf_len
        Length of the matches buffer allocated by the user to hold the results of the PCIOCGETCONF query.

    num_matches
        Number of matches returned by the kernel.

    matches
        Buffer containing matching devices returned by the kernel. The items in this buffer are of type pci_conf, which consists of the following items:

        pc_sel
            PCI domain, bus, slot and function.

        pc_hdr
            PCI header type.

        pc_subvendor
            PCI subvendor ID.

        pc_subdevice
            PCI subdevice ID.

        pc_vendor
            PCI vendor ID.

        pc_device
            PCI device ID.

        pc_class
            PCI device class.

        pc_subclass
            PCI device subclass.

        pc_progif
            PCI device programming interface.

        pc_revid
            PCI revision ID.

        pd_name
            Driver name.

        pd_unit
            Driver unit number.

    offset
        The offset is passed in by the user to tell the kernel where it should start traversing the device list. The value passed out by the kernel points to the record immediately after the last one returned. The user may pass the value returned by the kernel in subsequent calls to the PCIOCGETCONF ioctl. If the user does not intend to use the offset, it must be set to zero.

    generation
        PCI configuration generation. This value only needs to be set if the offset is set. The kernel will compare the current generation number of its internal device list to the generation passed in by the user to determine whether its device list has changed since the user last called the PCIOCGETCONF ioctl. If the device list has changed, a status of PCI_GETCONF_LIST_CHANGED will be passed back.

    status
        The status tells the user the disposition of his request for a device list. The possible status values are:

        PCI_GETCONF_LAST_DEVICE
        This means that there are no more devices in the PCI device list after the ones returned in the matches buffer.

        PCI_GETCONF_LIST_CHANGED
        This status tells the user that the PCI device list has changed since his last call to the PCIOCGETCONF ioctl and he must reset the offset and generation to zero to start over at the beginning of the list.

        PCI_GETCONF_MORE_DEVS
        This tells the user that his buffer was not large enough to hold all of the remaining devices in the device list that possibly match his criteria. It is possible for this status to be returned, even when none of the remaining devices in the list would match the user's criteria.

        PCI_GETCONF_ERROR
        This indicates a general error while servicing the user's request. If the pat_buf_len is not equal to num_patterns times sizeof(struct pci_match_conf), errno will be set to EINVAL.

PCIOCREAD
    This ioctl(2) reads the PCI configuration registers specified by the passed-in pci_io structure. The pci_io structure consists of the following fields:

    pi_sel
        A pcisel structure which specifies the domain, bus, slot and function the user would like to query. If the specific bus is not found, errno will be set to ENODEV and -1 returned from the ioctl.

    pi_reg
        The PCI configuration register the user would like to access.

    pi_width
        The width, in bytes, of the data the user would like to read. This value may be either 1, 2, or 4. 3-byte reads and reads larger than 4 bytes are not supported. If an invalid width is passed, errno will be set to EINVAL.

    pi_data
        The data returned by the kernel.

PCIOCWRITE
    This ioctl(2) allows users to write to the PCI specified in the passed-in pci_io structure. The pci_io structure is described above. The limitations on data width described for reading registers, above, also apply to writing PCI configuration registers.

FILES
/dev/pci
    Character device for the pci driver.

SEE ALSO
pciconf(8)

HISTORY
The pci driver (not the kernel's PCI support code) first appeared in FreeBSD 2.2, and was written by Stefan Esser and Garrett Wollman. Support for device listing and matching was re-implemented by Kenneth Merry, and first appeared in FreeBSD 3.0.

AUTHORS
Kenneth Merry <ken@FreeBSD.org>

BUGS
It is not possible for users to specify an accurate offset into the device list without calling the PCIOCGETCONF at least once, since they have no way of knowing the current generation number otherwise. This probably is not a serious problem, though, since users can easily narrow their search by specifying a pattern or patterns for the kernel to match against.