Apache C++ Standard Library Reference Guide

## Exceptions

Library: Diagnostics

                                      Class derived from exception   exception
                     Class derived from logic_error  logic_error  exception
       Class derived from runtime_error  runtime_error  exception

- Local Index
- Summary
- Description
- See Also
- Standards Conformance

### Local Index

No Entries

### Summary

The C++ Standard Library exception classes

### Description

The C++ Standard Library defines a set of classes intended to be thrown as exceptions. Objects of these classes, and classes derived from these classes, are the only exceptions that can be thrown by the Library. In contrast, client code can throw not only objects of the exception classes, but objects of any type, including native types. The description of each exception class in this entry lists the classes and functions that typically throw it, but exceptions may be thrown from other places as well.

The class exception serves as a base class to all other Standard exception classes. The Library has three categories of exception classes:

- classes derived directly from exception

- classes derived through logic_error

- classes derived through runtime_error

The diagram above shows the public hierarchy for all derived classes.

The classes derived directly from exception are:

bad_alloc

bad_cast

bad_exception

bad_typeid

ios_base::failure

logic_error

runtime_error

The classes derived from logic_error are:

domain_error

invalid_argument

length_error

out_of_range

The classes derived from runtime_error are:

overflow_error

underflow_error

range_error

A logic_error is thrown when the condition causing the error could have been detected by the client before calling the failing code. A runtime_error is thrown when the error results from a condition that the client could not have tested before calling the failing code.

The class exception is declared in the header `<exception>`. Exception classes derived from logic_error and runtime_error are defined in the `<stdexcept>` header. The remaining exception classes are defined in various other headers.

### See Also

bad_alloc, bad_cast, bad_exception, bad_typeid, domain_error, exception, invalid_argument, ios_base::failure, length_error, logic_error, out_of_range, overflow_error, range_error, runtime_error, underflow_error

### Standards Conformance

ISO/IEC 14882:1998 -- International Standard for Information Systems --Programming Language C++, Section 19.1